Monday, January 27, 2020
How to Write a Nursing Essay
How to Write a Nursing Essay Getting Started – The Planning Phase The key to success when writing a nursing essay is the detail applied when planning the piece. It is essential to create a clear and robust essay structure, taking into account all of the learning outcomes expected of the finished piece. As well as understanding the essay title it is also important to become fully acquainted with the learning outcomes which are included as standard with all essays, as these form a pivotal part of the students overall understanding of what is required of them when submitting their work. Most importantly in the planning phase it is advisable to return to the course tutor or module leader if there is any doubt as to what is expected of the essay, although feasible to do so, clarifying important queries once the essay is underway may well be too late as it may result in a significant content or structural change to hard work already carried out. A well planned essay will consider the following: Clarity as so what is being asked of the essay is the title clear? Having a full understanding of the style of work required i.e. reflective account, literature review and so on. Brainstorm – this is an easy yet helpful way of deciding on key content. Write headings of key points to include then start to build upon these. Where is the word count weighted – there is often an allocation of the percentage of marks which will be gained from each segment such as introduction, discussion and conclusion, be clear about this in the plan. Where is information for content to be accessed? A literature search should be carried out as early as possible. How much time is available to complete the work? Make a plan of time usage and stick to it, never leave writing until the last minute as it will certainly detract from the quality of the finished piece. The Introduction To obtain a good mark, students are expected to provide a robust and strong introduction to the essay, this indicates to the marker that the student fully understands what is expected of them, and also gives an indication of the content to follow in the discussion. When referring in the introduction what will be included in the essay, it is crucial that these intentions are followed through and the content included reflects this, and if detail is not guaranteed to appear in the text then it is advisable to keep information brief in the introduction. Always consider that the contents of the introduction can always be altered once the main body of the essay is complete, that way it ensures that the intended content is referred to appropriately in the introduction. The marker will expect to see references used from the offset however in the introduction these can be kept to a minimum and used purely to support the key features and the subject the essay is intended to focus on. The Discussion This is the student’s platform to exhibit their knowledge of the subject they are writing about. Having undertaking a thorough essay plan the content itself will have been clarified, the more complex undertaking will be to source and correctly apply theories within the discussion that give weight and credence to the level of understanding of the subject the student is required to write about. The discussion needs to be broad and relatively unbiased (unless it is specifically required to emphasise one side of an argument), providing the marker with well-rounded and up-to-date knowledge of the subject, which indicates that the student has read widely around the subject matter, and has subsequently acquired a good understanding of this. The discussion forms the bulk of a standard essay and is where the student must include all of the relevant points they intend to include in the essay. It is within the discussion that the student must display the evidence collected to address the question or proposed topic for discussion. The Conclusion It is essential at this stage of the essay not to present new information, or bring in additional threads to the discussion. The conclusion is intended to be a segment whereby the student is able to offer informed opinions about the information, facts and arguments provided within the discussion. It is here that information can be validated or challenged, and commonly, where appropriate, recommendations for future practice are made allowing the student to apply theories which have been born from the discussion. As with the introduction a conclusion is required to have a strong impact and leave the marker with no doubt as to whether the original question has been answered sufficiently. Referencing In the UK the ‘Harvard System’ is most commonly used as the academic referencing style of choice. Although for many first-time essay writers understanding referencing can be tantamount to learning a new language, once a solid grasp of the style is obtained it can then be comfortably applied to essays. It is important that students acknowledge that the use of referencing is extremely influential to a pass or fail therefore accuracy is essential to further enhance the over all mark. The purpose of referencing is that the student is able to illustrate a wide research of the chosen topic, and in doing so is able to trace where information has been obtained by means of providing a clear and concise reference list. In Summary It is important to understand that all universities adopt subtle variations in marking systems and as such it is the student’s responsibility to familiarise themselves with their place of study and what is expected of them. Providing strong attention and detail is applied to the planning, structure, information (argument), presentation and referencing of the essay then a student can expect to obtain a pass. The ‘pass’ grade attained will depend on what degree the learning outcomes have been met and fortunately students are able to establish a good understanding of the expectations of the marker by familiarising themselves with the provided ‘marking criteria,’ relating to the academic level they are working towards.
Saturday, January 18, 2020
Prevention of Colon Cancer through Proper Nutrition Essay
Incidence            Colon cancer is the third most often diagnosed cancer and is the second primary cause of cancer deaths in North America. The incidence is approximately 650,000 cases every year worldwide and has been increasing in the past few years. However, the mortality rate has decreased in 2002; the worldwide incidence was 278,000 male and 251,000 female cases every year (Landis, Murray, Bolden, & Wingo, 1999). In people 65 years or older, the incidence rate of colon cancer is 70% (Parkin, Whelan, Ferlay, Raymond, & Young, 1997). In people not more than 65 years old, the incidence is about 120 new cases for every 100,000 inhabitants every year; in people aged 55-75, the incidence of colon cancer is approximately 200 for every 100,000 inhabitants every year (Jemal et al., 2004)            The lifetime risk of colorectal cancer in the general population is 2.5% to 5%, which means that 25-50 out of 100 people will get colon cancer in their lifetimes (Adrouny, 2002). This risk is increased two- or threefold if there is a first-degree relative who has had an adenomatous polyp or cancer. Mortality is about 90 for every 100,000 inhabitants per year (Jemal et al., 2004). The male-to-female ratio varies from 1.0 to 1.4 depending on the tumor registry that is reporting the data (Adrouny, 2002). The risk of colon cancer increases with age. The majority of cases occur in people over the age of sixty. In people between the ages of forty and fifty years the incidence of colon cancer is 15 new cases per 100,000 persons (Adrouny, 2002). Modifiable Risk Factors            While many mechanisms remain ambiguous, many studies have indicated that a number of lifestyle and dietary factors are likely to have significant consequences on the risk of colon cancer. Smoking early in life, probably in combination with a diet that has no or low in some micronutrients like methinine and folate, is likely to increase the risk of colon cancer. Other environmental exposures, such as smoking, are also likely to be involved in causing colon cancer. Moreover, overeating, weight gain in adulthood, and obesity are strongly implicated as risk factors for colon cancer. Not only are obesity and weight gain associated with the presence of adenomatous polyps, but so is weight variability over a period (Adrouny, 2002). Physical inactivity or sedentary occupation is also a major risk factor for colon cancer.            According to Giovannucci (2002), processed meats, red meat, and possibly refined carbohydrates may increase colon cancer risks. Also, more recent evidence show that chronic hyperinsulinemia is likely to have an influence on colon cancer risks. As insulin resistance and subsequent hyperinsulinemia is induced by excess energy intake and some characteristics of the Western diet, such as refined carbohydrates and saturated fats, insulin may contribute to colon cancer (Giovannucci, 2002). In addition, agents with chemopreventive properties like postmenopausal estrogens and aspirin are likely to have unpleasant effects, thus making general recommendations require a cautious consideration of the risk-benefit ratio. Non-Modifiable Risk Factors            Although the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of colon cancer may still be incompletely understood, it is acknowledged that the anatomic precursor of colon cancer is the adenomatous polyp. Basically, adenoma is a benign growth from a glandular tissue; a polyp is a growth protruding from a mucous membrane. People who have adenomatous polyps in the colon are at increased risk of developing cancer. One major non-modifiable risk factor is the familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Here, an affected individual develops hundreds or thousands of polyps by his or her teen years, any one of which may develop into a cancer. Preventive action, usually consisting of repeated examination or removal of the colon, is necessary, along with careful screening of family members for this disorder. The Gardner syndrome is probably a variant of FAP; it occurs about half as frequently and has similar clinical features. It may affect the small intestine as well as the colon.            Oldfield and Turcot syndromes might be related to FAP. While the former is associated with sebaceous cysts, the latter is associated with tumors of the central nervous system and may be transmitted by an autosomal recessive gene. Another risk factor for colon cancer is hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Although these forms of colon cancer arise from polyps, individuals do not have an abundant proliferation of polyps as in the abovementioned polyposis syndromes. The polyps that are found in family members have an extraordinarily high likelihood of progressing to cancer. Prevention            The large body of evidence shows that it is feasible to prevent colon cancer. In their study, Emmons et al. (2005) approximate that a significant fraction of the colon cancer risk in the middle-aged men in the United States might be avoidable with optimal common lifestyle and dietary behaviors. National recommendations and clinical practice and for adult men and women in the US already promoted the following for the prevention of cancer in general, and colon cancer in particular: controlling of obesity, quitting smoking, limiting alcohol intake, increasing physical activity, consuming more fruits and vegetables and diets that are low in saturated fat (American Cancer Society, 1996). The following prevention practices are specifically aimed at middle aged (30-50 years) American men. As mentioned earlier in this paper, there is a higher incidence rate of colon cancer in men than women, and that this age bracket is highly at risk for colon cancer. The focus is the primary prevention of colon cancer by consuming more fruits and vegetables.            The consumption of fruits and vegetables as a measure in preventing colon cancer has been supported in many studies (e.g., Smith-Warner, Genkinger, & Giovannucci, 2006). It was found that for total vegetables, 75% of the results reported in 22 case-control studies suggested that colon cancer risk was reduced by at least 20% for those in the highest compared with the lowest intake category, with 33% of the estimates indicating that the reduction in risk exceeded 50%. For total fruits, the results have been less consistent among 19 case-control studies; 48% of the risk estimates suggested at least a 20% reduction in risk and only 11% showed more than a 50% lower risk for the highest versus the lowest intakes (Kousnik et al., 2007). Furthermore, in an earlier review of 21 case-control and four cohort studies by an international panel, credible evidence was found that vegetable consumption indeed reduces colon cancer risks (World Cancer Research Fund, 1997).            Studies have also suggested that dietary calcium plays a role in protecting against colon cancer; it may do so by binding fatty acids and bile acids and directly inhibiting abnormal growth of colon epithelial cells. Fruits and vegetables are thought to reduce the risk of colon cancer because they have a higher composition of fiber compared to other diets. On the other hand, diets low in fiber and high in fat intake are thought to increase the risk of the cancer. Thus, it is not surprising that, in Africa and Asia, where dietary customs place emphasis on high-fiber, low-fat foods, fruits, and vegetables, people have lower incidence of colon cancer compared to the United States and Europe.            The major explanation for the protective effect of cereal fiber is not known. One of the most convincing theories is that fiber has a dilutional effect on fecal ingredients which may cause development of cancer. It also has an effect on the faster passage of stool through the bowel, thus reducing cell damage and contact time (Adrouny, 2002). In general, however, more recent epidemiologic research has tended not to support the strong influence of fiber in preventing colon cancer; instead, some phytochemicals or micronutrients in foods rich in fiber may be important. Folate is one nutrient that has of late been receiving much attention and is increasingly being studied in randomized intervention trials. Recent research suggests that persons who supplement their diet with at least 800 micrograms of the vitamin folic acid on a daily basis have a reduced incidence of colon cancer (Adrouny, 2002). References  American Cancer Society. (1996). Guidelines on diet, nutrition, and cancer prevention. Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 46, 325-341. Giovannucci, E. (2002). Modifiable risk factors for colon cancer. Gastroenterology Clinic North America, 31, 925-43. Jemal, A., Clegg, L. X., Ward, E., Ries, L. A., Wu, X., Jamison, P. M. et al. (2004). Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975–2001. Cancer, 101, 3–27. Koushik, A., Hunter, D. J., Spiegelman, D., Beeson, W. L., van den Brandt, P. A., Buring, J. E. et al. (2007). Fruits, Vegetables, and Colon Cancer Risk in a Pooled Analysis of 14 Cohort Studies. Journal of National Cancer Institute, 99, 1471-1483. Landis, S.H., Murray, T., Bolden, S., & Wingo, P. A. (1999). Cancer statistics 1999, Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 49, 8–31 Parkin, D. M., Whelan, S. L., Ferlay, J., Raymond, L., &Young, J. (Eds.). (1997), Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Lyon: IARC Press. Smith-Warner, S. A., Genkinger, J., & Giovannucci, E. (2006). Fruit and vegetable intake and cancer. In D. Heber, G. L. B;ackburn, V. L. Go, & J. Milner (Eds.), Nutritional oncology (97-173). Burlington, MA: Elsevier. World Cancer Research Fund. (2007). Food, nutrition and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Washington (DC): American Institute for Cancer Research. Â
Friday, January 10, 2020
College writing and casual writing Essay
A. I think there is a big difference in college writing and casual writing. I fell like college writing has is more structured. You have to capitalize the words that need to be capitalized, Indent at the beginning of each paragraph, and write paragraphs in the write structure. College level writing is more in-depth and detailed than casual writing. B. My favorite hobby is listening and creating music. Music is very strong, meaningful, and a way to express feelings. C. I love listening and creating music. Listening and creating music is very fun to me, it’s also very relaxing. Music can be very useful in many ways. You can give a positive message in music and also get people to enjoy it by expressing on a rhythmic beat and words. Listening and creating music gives an outlet to express many different emotions, sad, mad, and happy. Creating music is fun from recording lyrics to mixing and creating the whole sound. Music is what I do in my free time, it’s my favorite hobby. Part2: A. I have to basic step that I think is going to be the most difficult for me is â€Å"Drafting†. The reason I chose drafting is because I never utilized that step unless it was required by the teacher, and counted as part of the assignment. I’m going to start utilizing all of the steps that where listed. When I write my text paper I’m going to sit down and plan my paper, Also planning and taking the proper steps actually make the paper easier to write.
Thursday, January 2, 2020
Research Paper Outline Example - 980 Words
Research Paper Outline Examples * Main Page * Research * Foundations * Academic * Write Paper * For Kids by Explorable.com (Nov 5, 2011) Research Paper Outline Examples This is an article with a few research paper outline examples. Creating an outline is the first thing you should do before you start working on your research paper. Write a Paper * 1Writing a Paper * 2Outline * 2.1Write an Outline * 2.2Outline Examples * 3Research Question * 3.1Thesis Statement * 3.2Write a Hypothesis * 4Parts of a Paper * 4.1Title * 4.2Abstract * 4.3Introduction * 4.4Methods * 4.5Results * 4.6Discussion * 4.7Conclusion *†¦show more content†¦Reference in Shakespeares Poems b. Works 3. Plays e. Tragedies 1. Hamlet 2. Romeo and Juliet f. Comedies 3. The Tempest 4. Much Ado About Nothing g. Histories 5. King John 6. Richard III 7. Henry VIII 4. Sonnets 5. Other Poems c. His Later Years 6. Last Two Plays 7. Retired to Stratford h. Death i. Burial 3. Conclusion d. Analytical Summary e. Thesis Reworded f. Concluding Statement Write a Paper * 1Writing a Paper * 2Outline * 2.1Write an Outline * 2.2Outline Examples * 3Research Question * 3.1Thesis Statement * 3.2Write a Hypothesis * 4Parts of a Paper * 4.1Title * 4.2Abstract * 4.3Introduction * 4.4Methods * 4.5Results * 4.6Discussion * 4.7Conclusion * 4.8Bibliography * 5Optional Parts * 5.1Table of Contents * 5.2Acknowledgements * 5.3Appendix * 6Formatting * 6.1In Text Citations * 6.2Footnotes * 6.3Format of a Table * 6.3.1Floating Blocks * 6.4Example of a Paper * 6.5Example of a Paper 2 * 6.6MLA Writing Format * 6.6.1Citations * 6.7APA Writing Format *Show MoreRelatedAbstract or Outline933 Words  | 4 PagesThe Abstract or Outline for the Research Paper Organizing Your Paper and Writing the Abstract or Outline  If you have chosen to do an MLA paper you will do an outline for your paper. This will be the second page of the paper.  If you are doing an APA paper, you will do an abstract of your final paper. This will page two.  Consult Little Brown Brief, pp. 510-517or examples of what a properly formatted paper looks like. IF YOU DO NOT HAVE THIS TEXT, A GOOD SAMPLE CAN BE FOUND AT: wwwRead MoreLove at First Sight Essay1549 Words  | 7 PagesThe Summative â€Å"Argument and Persuasion†Term Paper ENG 2210 (260 pts.) (100 pts. = 4 Outlines @ 25 pts. each. Final submission = 160 pts. Total = 260 pts.) Introduction: On the last day of this course (day 35), you will submit the â€Å"summative†research paper in which you will argue which love (motivation) has shaped history and still shapes our world today. This is a very challenging paper, and it counts for 26% of your grade in this course. Because it is such a significant intellectualRead MoreGreek Gods And Goddesses Research Paper1111 Words  | 5 Pagesï » ¿Greek Gods and Goddesses Research Paper Your research paper is in lieu of the Science Fair project. 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Wednesday, December 25, 2019
Pneumonia Immune System and Tiny Air Sacs - 1899 Words
Introduction Every year, more than 60,000 Americans die of pneumonia, an inflammation of the lungs thats usually caused by infection with bacteria, viruses, fungi or other organisms. Pneumonia is a particular concern for older adults and people with chronic illnesses or impaired immune systems, but it can also strike young, healthy people. Worldwide, its a leading cause of death in children. There are many kinds of pneumonia ranging in seriousness from mild to life-threatening. Although signs and symptoms vary, many cases of pneumonia develop suddenly, with chest pain, fever, chills, cough and shortness of breath. Infection often follows a cold or the flu, but it can also be associated with other illnesses or occur on its own. Although†¦show more content†¦For example, the nasal cilia screen out a lot of organisms but cant stop all from getting into the airways. Sometimes, these microorganisms get past the bodys defenses, finding their way into the alveoli. There, white blood cells (leukocytes) begin to attack the invading organisms. The accumulating pathogens, white cells and immune proteins cause the air sacs to become inflamed and filled with fluid, leading to the difficult breathing that characterizes many types of pneumonia. If both lungs are involved, its called double pneumonia. Classifications of pneumonia Pneumonia is sometimes classified according to the cause of pneumonia: Community-acquired pneumonia - This refers to pneumonia acquired from the external environment. Hospital-acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia Ââ€" Hospitals are a breeding ground for bacteria and viruses, placing patients at a higher risk of pneumonia. Aspiration pneumonia - This type of pneumonia occurs when foreign matter is inhaled (aspirated) into the lungs, often from the digestive tract. Pneumonia caused by opportunistic organisms - This type of pneumonia strikes people with compromised immune systems. Organisms that arent harmful for healthy people can be extremely dangerous for people with AIDS, organ transplantation and other conditions that impair the immune system. Emerging pathogens - Outbreaks of the H5N1 influenza (bird flu) virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) have caused serious,Show MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Pneumonia1516 Words  | 7 PagesIntroduction Pneumonia is a lung infection that can be a mild to severe illness for all ages. It is caused by bacteria, virus, or fungi. Pneumonia was the leading cause of death in the U.S. About 2 million people in the U.S get pneumonia each year, only causing about 60,000 deaths. Pneumonia is the leading cause of child death worldwide. It is accountable for 15% of children’s’ deaths under five years old, killing around 922,000 children in 2015 (WHO 2015). Pneumonia affects everyone worldwide butRead MoreThe Heart Of The Lungs857 Words  | 4 Pagesof human lungs can hold about 5 liters of air. 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When we inhale, the diaphragm, which is located under the lungs relax which makes the lungs inflate by letting air come throughRead MoreTaking a Look at Lung Cancer978 Words  | 4 Pagesorgans in your chest. The left lung is divided into two lobes or sections, and the right lung has three lobes. When you breadth in air enters your nose or mouth and passes into your trachea or windpipe, at the carina the trachea divides into two bronchi then branches into smaller bronchioles. The bronchioles end in tiny air sacs or alveoli. In the alveoli the oxygen and the air you inhale passes into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide in your body passes out of the blood stream. The carbon dioxide is expelledRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd; Emphysema) Patho6945 Words  | 28 Pages65-year-old man admitted to medical ward with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disea se (COPD; emphysema). Past medical history (PMH) indicates hypertension (HTN), well managed with enalapril (Vasotec) past six years, diagnosis (Dx) of pneumonia yearly for the past three years. D.Z. appears cachectic with difficulty breathing at rest. Patient reports productive cough with thick yellow-green sputum. He seems anxious and irritable during subjective data collection. He states, he has been aRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Influenza1647 Words  | 7 PagesInfluenza Micro- Organism Type: Virus Influenza is a very contagious virus, which attacks only living hosts. Influenza or the ‘flu’ virus attacks the body by spreading through your respiratory system. This means that your nose, throat, bronchial tubes and lungs are affected. As well as your immune system which is trying to fight the flu off. Symptoms of Influenza, are similar to any cold, but on a much larger scale. 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This condition affects people of all ages, however it is most dangerous in immunocompromised individuals such as children, infants, and older adults.1 Other populations that are vulnerable are those who are bedridden, inactive, or immobile; those with altered consciousness; thoseRead MoreKeeping Marijuana Illegal2777 Words  | 12 Pageslevels in marijuana range from 0.3 to 4%. Specially grown plants can contain higher levels up to 15%. When smoking this drug, the THC goes directly to the lungs in which it is absorbed by alveoli. Alveoli is where gas exchange happens by tiny air sacs. THC enters the blood stream in just a matter of seconds of using this drug. When eating or drinking marijuana, it enters the stomach and is carried to the liver in which it is then sent to the rest of the body. Eating marijuana is less effectiveRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words  | 143 PagesScience For Living Notes (Compiled) Table of Contents Unit 1 Measurement 5-10 Unit 2 Matter 11-48 Unit 3 Basic materials for maintaining life Air 49-54 Water 55-68 Food 69-71 Other biomolecules of life 72-76 Unit 4 Energy in the Community Electricity 77-78 Heat 78-81 Light 82-91 Sound 92 Simple Machines 93-99 Unit 5 The Physical Environment Weather and Climate 100-113 Soils 114-128
Tuesday, December 17, 2019
Globalization On The Rise Of The United States - 1445 Words
With globalization on the rise, many immigrants are migrating to America to follow the American dream; however, many xenophobes in America are against this. They promote hate crimes, therefore, the destruction of other races and religions that are not like their own. Recent rises in immigration to the United States has seemed to spark some hate crimes around the country; especially after the September 11th attacks occurring in 2001. Many people today still have a hard time accepting this movement. A lot of white Americans are not accustomed to other cultures, leading to very sheltered lives. Then, all of the sudden there seems to be this culture shock, and everyone is freaking out in their own ways, some more violent than others. First and foremost, there are many factors that contribute to hate crimes, but with the natural comfort of familiarity around us, this leads some to take on the life of a xenophobe. Xenophobia is, according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the â€Å"fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners.†The world is changing faster than ever before, getting larger and more diverse. People like Mark Stroman, xenophobes, were not prepared for such a change. Being born white in America, Mark had a sense of superiority to other races. In fact, this sense of superiority was so great, when in prison, Mark was involved with a gang called the â€Å"Aryan Brotherhood.†Accusations about whether Mark was a Lieutenant, the highest rank, was where Mark sat in the group. Mark’sShow MoreRelatedThe World s Economy Was Devastated1732 Words  | 7 PagesWith the crash of the United States Wall Street, the realm drove into what is now known as the â€Å"Great Recession†. Its neighbour to the north, Canada also felt these affects as unemployment and poverty grew. After a decade of despair, the massive rise in government spending for the Second World War and the reductions in taxes, the economies returned to prosper. With decades of industrialization, population growth and surging economies, the Western World mainly the United States and Canada, becameRead Moreis globalization undermining state sovereignty?1559 Words  | 7 Pagesthrough primitive trade and migration, globalization has become a major factor in the world organization since the twentieth century. With the creation of transnational companies, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, political and economic associations appeared new powerful actors that cannot be left apart in states’ decisions and whose influence may, according to some, threaten the authority of nation-states. Indeed it can be thought that globalization is causing the end of borders betweenRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Society1369 Words  | 6 Pages Globalization is a broad term used in multiple social studies classes. There are three types of globalization: cultural, economical and political. As both positive and negative views exist on glo balization; using just the word globalization isn’t specific enough to understand these viewpoints. Knowing the different types of globalization will allow a person to form their own opinion whether or not each individual type of globalization has a positive or negative impact on society. 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Monday, December 9, 2019
Social Media Marketing Strategy Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss about the Social Media Marketing Strategy. Answer: Introduction: Social media is the new trend in businessmanagement and marketing. Companies benefit immensely by using social networking sites like Facebook or Twitter. Social media marketing strategy has evolved as an integral part of marketing and business. Companies today could easily interact with the target customers and narrow down the product launch or development or business plan as per the taste, preference or feedback given by the company. An empirical study on the issues argues ways in which social media marketing strategy has helped in improving consumer loyalty; helped in identifying the focussed customer need, target relevant audience, enhanced brand image through blogging and instagram promotions (Alves et al. 2016). It has even helped in reducing cost on advertising and marketing and accelerated the overall promotion process in a strategic manner. Project Objective: The project objectives are mentioned below; To understand what are the ways in which social media strategy impacts on businessmanagement To shed a light on how far social media strategies successfully influence consumer mind and purchase behaviour To study and understand the relationship between social media and consumer behaviour Project Scope As far as the selection of respective questions is concerned, these questions here are relevant and needed in order to complete the study. These questions will help in giving a direction to the study of social media tools and how they help in improving business in the contemporary business environment (Dutta, 2012). The questions are specifically selected in line with the research aim and after studying the discussion in a proper way so that the respective study could be completed in a systematic way. Hence these selected few are relevant and needed to be addressed during the course of the study to complete the dissertation in a systematic manner (Ashley and Tuten, 2014). Literature Review: The research here aims at studying and understanding ways in which social media has evolved as one of the most effective tools for promotion and marketing in the contemporary business environment. It has further delved deep to shed a light on, how it has helped a company in branding and advertising in a cost effective manner and ensured revenue generation and sustenance of the brand in the competitive business environment. Though several researchers have underpinned several disadvantages of using the approach, yet over the years it has improved and helped companies to enhance business in a positive way by using social networking (Ashley and Tuten, 2014). Thus in spite of having certain limitations, the approach has proved effective and useful. Since the social media tools are one of the most recent innovations in the marketing and branding area, the researcher here has decided to select the topic for conducting an in-depth study and understand its effectiveness in the present business context. Social media marketing is underpinned by several researchers is the most effective marketing strategy used in the contemporary business environment. Companies today no longer rely on traditional marketing approaches. Therefore, the justification for carrying out the research lies in evaluation of the influence of social media in manipulating consumer perception on brand and product selection and influencing buying behaviour (Dorenda-Zaborowicz, 2012). Social media has hence helped in improving overall image of the brand and also assisted in enhancing business in a defined way. Though the use of social media has both positive and negative impact on the business, yet considering benefits of using social media to a large extent companie s today emphasise on adapting the respective approach for business promotion, manipulate consumer buying behaviour and decision making. Social media marketing helps in taking right steps and manage social media in a defined way. Research Questions: The research questions here are underpinned after understanding the topic in detail. The questions act as a guideline to the study and helps in completing the investigation in a chronological manner; What are the ways in which social media strategy impacts on business management? How far social media strategies successfully influence consumer mind and purchase behaviour? What is the relationship between social media and consumer behaviour? Explain to what extent social media marketing is a cost-effective tactic? How far does adaptation of such strategic methods would ensure hassle free business growth and sustenance in future? Research Design and Methodology: The research design is selected after studying the aim as well as objectives underpinned during the study. With the help of an apt design, the analyst completes the study in a systematic way. Key research design types that guide the investigation work are Explanatory, Exploratory and Descriptive. In this study on HR planning and its importance, the researcher will select the descriptive design and complete the analysis in a proper way. With the help of the Descriptive Design, the researcher will successfully collect detailed information from several sources and it will be discussed and detailed in a systematic way (Kumar and Metzler, 2014). As far as the research philosophy is concerned, Positivism philosophy shall be applied here as the researcher will collect data by conducting survey and market research. Deductive research approach will be implemented as it is suitable with positivism philosophy. Sample size A sample size of 50 consumers will be selected for conducting the survey and 5 managers have been identified to collect qualitative data by conducting a focus group. Two sets of questionnaire shall be circulated, closed ended quantitative questions will be developed by following Likert scale to conduct a survey of the consumers, and 5 managers shall be included to conduct focus group and understand ways in which the social media strategies have successfully helped the company in promotion and branding (Neuman, 2014). Sampling technique Generally, there are two main types of sample methods, such as Probability Sampling Non- probability sampling method Probability sampling is a technique where the analyst identifies the respondents on a random basis. However, it is expected that the sample should represent the entire population of the investigation. Non-probability sampling, on the other hand, is a process where the respondents are selected on a purposive basis and not in a general way. In this research work, the author has identified cluster form of probability sampling and collected primary data from a large number of respondents from different age groups of consumer from a retail store in Sydney (Quinlan, 2015). Data collection: Data collection is an integral part of dissertation and it helps in completing the study in a validated manner. The Primary and Secondary data are the most common types of data collected for the purpose of conduction of calculation and evaluation. Qualitative and Quantitative data are also collected for in-depth analysis (Kothari and Garg, 2016). Primary data Secondary data The primary data will be collected by conducting a survey and accumulate opinion by circulating questionnaires among the respondents. Both qualitative and quantitative primary data will be accumulated in order to carry out the research study in a systematic manner. The survey questions that will be developed shall be closed ended. The researcher will make use of Survey monkey to circulate the questionnaire and gather information from respondents. Besides this the qualitative data will be accumulated by conducting Focus group will be implemented to collect qualitative data by conducting interview and developing open ended questions to interview the managers (Dorenda-Zaborowicz, 2012). Secondary Data: the secondary data will be collected by studying extensively from existing academic books, scholarly literature, journals, articles and PDF published by scholars on the same topic. The researcher will conduct an in-depth study from academic books and journals and then present a critical review on the topic. Research Limitations: As far as the research limitations are concerned, as a student researcher, the following issues were faced during the investigation process and submission of work. In this situation, the primary limitation has arisen from time and budget. Since a student is expected to submit a professional standard quality as well as well researched dissertation project within the given deadline, it may be mentioned here that carrying out a professional standard research needs time and resources. Thus it is difficult to submit quality work in a very short period(Kumar and Metzler, 2014). It is also difficult for the student to conduct extensive research work within a short time period hence has to compromise on the intensity of data collection and evaluation process. Secondly, budget is another major issue, since the student is given a fixed budget it is difficult for the researcher to spend on new books, materials and other necessary data, instead only forced to complete the work within a short tim e and with available resources in college or University library and also from online database and free academic portals. Besides this, since the evaluation and findings are depended on the data collected from respondents, the validity of the collated information depends on the way they have been communicated. The researcher lacks in control on the response of people (Kothari and Garg, 2016). This is another limitation which also affects the quality of dissertation work. Time schedule: Criteria Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Introduction to the topic Identifying Aims and objectives Accumulating secondary sources of information Carrying out Literature Review Identify research Methodology Collect and collate primary or fresh data Evaluate and interpret primary data for fresh findings Conclusion and Recommendation for future studies Conclusion It is expected that by the inference of the study the researcher will successfully discuss ways in which customers today successfully connect with the brand through open communication conducted on the social platform and how this two-way communication has encouraged in enhancing business and sustenance of the brand amidst growing competition. The research questions shall be answered during the course of the study and gaps in existing literature will be discussed as well. Managing consumer behaviour on the virtual platform has hence experienced a new dimension through social media strategies. It could be culminated here that though there are certain limitations in using social media yet it is one of the most effective tools in the present day business scenario. References Alves, H., Fernandes, C. and Raposo, M. (2016). Social Media Marketing: A Literature Review and Implications.Psychology Marketing, 33(12), pp.1029-1038. Ashley, C. and Tuten, T. (2014). Creative Strategies in Social Media Marketing: An Exploratory Study of Branded Social Content and Consumer Engagement.Psychology Marketing, 32(1), pp.15-27. Blumberg, B., Cooper, D. and Schindler, P. (2014).Business research methods. London: McGraw-Hill Education. Dorenda-Zaborowicz, M. (2012). Marketing w social media.Nowe Media, 0(3), p.59. Dutta, K. (2012). Social Media Marketing - A Paradigm Shift in the Marketing Practice.SSRN Electronic Journal. Kothari, C. and Garg, G. (2016).Research methodology. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Limeted. Kumar, R. and Metzler, K. (2014).Research methodology. Los Angeles: SAGE. Neuman, W. (2014).Social research methods. Boston [u.a.]: Pearson. Quinlan, C. (2015).Business research methods. Andover: Cengage Learning EMEA.
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